Description:

This pioneering book studies the rise, heyday and demise of regionalism from the Belle Epoque until the Eve of the Second World War. By using a novel comparative perspective it gives a fresh view of the relationship between cultural regionalism, political regionalism and nationalism. Storm further illuminates how during the first decades of the twentieth century the culture of regionalism slowly lost the battle against its main rival: the avant-garde.

Regional identities, like national identities, were created and sometimes even invented; and this was equally the case in France, Germany and Spain. Artists, architects and international exhibitions played a highly influential role in this process. They all appropriated, and in some cases perverted, the regionalist message showing that strong regional identities would ultimately reinforce national unity.

This book offers new perspectives to specialists of regionalism and nationalism, but will also be of interest to students of the cultural history of France, Germany and Spain and to specialists from the fields of politics, ethnology, art history, cultural studies and architectural history. -- .

Regionalism is a cultural, political, and social ideology that emphasizes the distinct identity and interests of a particular geographical region. It often arises when people in a region feel a strong connection to their local culture, language, history, or economic conditions and seek to preserve or promote their unique characteristics. Here are some key aspects of the culture of regionalism:

1. Cultural Identity and Heritage

• Language and Dialects: Many regions have unique languages or dialects that play a crucial role in regional identity. For example, Catalan in Catalonia, Spanish Basque, or the various dialects spoken in Italy and India.
• Traditional Practices and Customs: Regionalism often involves a deep commitment to preserving local customs, traditions, and folklore. Festivals, dances, music, and culinary traditions are celebrated to maintain cultural distinctiveness.
• Local History and Myths: Regions may have their own historical narratives, heroes, and legends that contribute to a shared sense of identity and differentiate them from other regions or the national narrative.

2. Economic Interests and Development

• Resource Control: Regions rich in natural resources, such as oil, minerals, or fertile land, might seek greater control over these assets to ensure that the local population benefits from them.
• Economic Policies and Autonomy: Regions might advocate for economic policies that favor local industries and employment, promoting economic development that aligns with their specific needs and interests.

3. Political Autonomy and Governance

• Decentralization and Federalism: Regionalism often manifests in political movements that demand greater autonomy or even independence. This can lead to calls for decentralized governance structures, like federalism, where regions have substantial control over their own affairs.
• Regional Parties and Movements: In many countries, political parties and movements emerge that specifically represent regional interests, advocating for policies that reflect the unique needs of their constituents.

4. Social and Environmental Concerns

• Local Issues: Regionalism is also driven by social and environmental concerns that are specific to an area. Issues such as pollution in industrial regions, land rights in rural areas, or cultural preservation in historically rich regions can be central to regionalist movements.
• Community and Belonging: A strong sense of community and belonging can be fostered through regionalism. People may feel a stronger connection to their local area than to the nation as a whole, leading to communal solidarity.

5. Challenges and Conflicts

• National Unity vs. Regional Identity: Regionalism can sometimes lead to conflicts with the national government or between different regions. This tension is often about resource allocation, cultural recognition, or political autonomy.
• Economic Disparities: There can be significant economic disparities between regions, leading to feelings of neglect or exploitation, which fuels regionalist sentiments.
• Ethnic and Religious Divisions: In some cases, regionalism is intertwined with ethnic or religious identities, which can lead to sectarianism or separatist movements.

6. Globalization and Regionalism

• Reaction to Globalization: Regionalism can be a response to the homogenizing effects of globalization, where regions assert their uniqueness in opposition to global cultural, economic, and political trends.
• Localism and Sustainability: There is also a trend towards localism within regionalism, emphasizing sustainable practices, local production, and consumption to foster self-reliance and reduce dependence on external entities.

Overall, the culture of regionalism is about fostering and maintaining the unique characteristics of a region while navigating its relationship with broader national or global entities. It can lead to greater cultural diversity and local empowerment but also poses challenges in maintaining national unity and equitable development.